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Demographics of Djibouti

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Demographics of Djibouti
Djibouti population pyramid in 2020
Population994,017 (2019)
Growth rate1.97% (2022)
Birth rate22.25 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate7.12 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy65.3 years (2022)
 • male62.72 years
 • female67.96 years
Fertility rate2.15 children born/woman (2022)
Infant mortality rate53.31 deaths/1,000 infants (2012 est.)[1]
Age structure
0–14 years29.97% (male 138,701/female 137,588)
15–64 years66.06% (male 264,283/female 344,668)
65 and over3.97% (male 16,245/female 20,319) (2020)
Sex ratio
At birth1.03 male(s)/female
Under 151 male(s)/female
15–64 years0.8 male(s)/female
65 and over0.81 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityDjiboutian
Major ethnicSomali 60%
Afar 35%
Arabs 5%
Language
SpokenSomali (official), Afar (official), French(official), Arabic (non-official),

Demographic features of Djibouti include population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects.

Population

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Census population
YearPop.±% p.a.
196082,200—    
2009818,519+4.80%
20241,066,809+1.78%
Source: INSTAD

Djibouti is a multiethnic country. As of 2018, it has a population of around 884,017 inhabitants[2][3]. Djibouti's population grew rapidly during the latter half of the 20th century, increasing from about 69,589 in 1955 to around 869,099 by 2015.[4]

According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects[2][3], the total population was 1,105,557 in 2021 compared to 62,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 35.8%, 60.9% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.3% was 65 years or older.[4]

Total population Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 62 000 46.8 51.2 2.0
1955 70 000 46.0 52.0 2.0
1960 85 000 45.4 52.5 2.0
1965 117 000 44.9 53.0 2.0
1970 162 000 45.8 52.2 2.1
1975 224 000 45.9 52.0 2.1
1980 340 000 45.3 52.5 2.2
1985 403 000 44.6 53.1 2.3
1990 562 000 44.2 53.4 2.4
1995 627 000 43.4 54.1 2.5
2000 732 000 41.3 55.9 2.7
2005 808 000 38.5 58.5 3.0
2010 889 000 35.8 60.9 3.3
Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 29.V.2009):[5]
Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 440 066 378 093 818 159 100
0–4 49 863 41 269 91 132 11.14
5–9 56 117 41 269 101 271 12.38
10–14 48 135 37 337 85 472 10.45
15–19 46 351 39 283 85 634 10.47
20–24 43 786 40 272 84 058 10.27
25–29 40 222 41 995 82 217 10.05
30–34 35 558 33 997 69 555 8.50
35–39 29 563 26 512 56 074 6.85
40–44 25 247 19 734 44 981 5.50
45–49 19 470 15 456 34 926 4.27
50–54 16 363 12 479 28 841 3.53
55–59 10 325 7 860 18 185 2.22
60–64 8 495 6 677 15 172 1.85
65+ 10 572 10 069 20 641 2.52
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 154 115 119 875 273 990 33.49
15–64 275 379 248 149 523 528 63.99
65+ 10 572 10 069 20 641 2.52
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2021): [6]
Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 527 817 473 636 1 001 452 100
0–4 50 744 49 747 100 491 10.03
5–9 54 487 53 200 107 687 10.75
10–14 52 811 45 854 98 665 9.85
15–19 50 167 40 507 90 674 9.05
20–24 48 044 40 029 88 072 8.79
25–29 45 209 38 999 84 208 8.41
30–34 42 445 38 723 81 168 8.11
35–39 39 077 36 798 75 874 7.58
40–44 34 761 32 809 67 570 6.75
45–49 29 881 28 056 57 936 5.79
50–54 24 442 21 937 46 379 4.63
55–59 19 309 16 508 35 817 3.58
60–64 14 340 11 888 26 229 2.62
65–69 9 975 8 077 18 053 1.80
70–74 6 260 5 158 11 418 1.14
75–79 3 444 2 953 6 397 0.64
80+ 2 421 2 393 4 814 0.48
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 158 042 148 801 306 843 30.64
15–64 347 675 306 254 653 929 65.30
65+ 22 100 18 581 40 681 4.06

Projections

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The following are UN medium variant projections; numbers are in thousands:[4]

  • 2025 1,166
  • 2030 1,262
  • 2035 1,356
  • 2040 1,447
  • 2045 1,535
  • 2050 1,619

Vital statistics

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Registration of vital events in Djibouti is incomplete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.[4]

Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR*
1950-1955 3 000 2 000 1 000 50.0 28.3 21.7 7.80 222
1955-1960 4 000 2 000 2 000 50.7 25.7 25.0 7.80 203
1960-1965 5 000 2 000 3 000 51.2 23.8 27.4 7.80 185
1965-1970 7 000 3 000 4 000 50.3 21.6 28.6 7.60 169
1970-1975 9 000 4 000 5 000 47.8 19.4 28.4 7.20 154
1975-1980 13 000 5 000 8 000 45.2 17.4 27.8 6.80 141
1980-1985 16 000 6 000 11 000 44.0 15.5 28.6 6.60 125
1985-1990 21 000 7 000 14 000 43.1 14.5 28.6 6.40 117
1990-1995 24 000 8 000 16 000 40.1 13.4 26.7 5.85 109
1995-2000 23 000 8 000 15 000 34.4 12.2 22.2 5.11 100
2000-2005 24 000 9 000 15 000 31.2 11.3 19.9 4.52 91
2005-2010 25 000 9 000 16 000 29.4 10.5 18.9 3.95 82
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Life expectancy

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Period Life expectancy in
Years[7]
1950–1955 41.04
1955–1960 Increase 42.95
1960–1965 Increase 45.18
1965–1970 Increase 47.35
1970–1975 Increase 50.90
1975–1980 Increase 52.55
1980–1985 Increase 54.67
1985–1990 Increase 56.12
1990–1995 Increase 57.02
1995–2000 Steady 57.02
2000–2005 Increase 57.29
2005–2010 Increase 59.05
2010–2015 Increase 61.62

Ethnic groups

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Main article: Djiboutian
Main ethnic groups in Djibouti.
An Issa woman in nomadic attire.
An Afar man in nomadic attire.

The two largest ethnic groups native to Djibouti are the Somalis (60%) and the Afar (35%). The Somali clan component is mainly composed of the Issa followed by the Gadabuursi and the Isaaq. The remaining 5% of Djibouti's population primarily consists of Yemeni Arabs, Ethiopians and Europeans (French and Italians).[8]

In addition, as of 2021, 4,000 American troops, 1,350 French troops, 600 Japanese troops, 400 Chinese troops, and an unknown number of German troops are stationed at various bases throughout Djibouti. Approximately 76% of local residents are urban dwellers; the remainder are pastoralists.[9][10][11][12]

Languages

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Main article: Languages of Djibouti

Djibouti is a multilingual nation.[9] The majority of local residents speak Somali (650,000 speakers in Djibouti city and Ali Sabieh) and Afar (300,000 speakers) as a first language. These languages are the mother tongues of the Somali and Afar ethnic groups, respectively. Both languages belong to the larger Afroasiatic family. There are 2 official languages in Djibouti: Arabic and French.[13]

Arabic is of religious importance. In formal settings, it consists of Modern Standard Arabic. Colloquially, about 59,000 local residents speak the Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic dialect, also known as Djibouti Arabic. French serves as a statutory national language. It was inherited from the colonial period, and is the primary language of instruction. Around 17,000 Djiboutians speak it as a first language. Immigrant languages include Omani Arabic (38,900 speakers), Amharic (1,400 speakers), Greek (1,000 speakers) and Hindi (600 speakers).[13]

Religion

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Sunni Muslim 94% (nearly all Djiboutians), other 6% (mainly foreign-born residents - Shia Muslim, Christian, Hindu, Jewish, Baha'i, and atheist)

References

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  1. ^ "CIA – The World Factbook: Infant Mortality Rate". Archived from the original on November 19, 2012. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
  2. ^ a b "World Population Prospects 2022". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  3. ^ a b "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX) ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  4. ^ a b c d "Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision".
  5. ^ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".
  6. ^ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org. Retrieved 2023-02-06.
  7. ^ "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". esa.un.org. Retrieved 2018-08-26.
  8. ^ Schraeder, Peter J. (1993). "Ethnic Politics in Djibouti: From 'Eye of the Hurricane' to 'Boiling Cauldron'". African Affairs. 92 (367): 204. ISSN 0001-9909.
  9. ^ a b "Africa :: Djibouti". CIA The World Factbook. 14 April 2022.
  10. ^ "US Signs Long-Term Lease for Military Base in Djibouti | Voice of America - English".
  11. ^ "Tracer des frontières à Djibouti".
  12. ^ DIRECTORATE OF INTELLIGENCE, INTELLIGENCE MEMORANDUM (1967). "French Somaliland" (PDF). Intelligence Memorandum. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 23, 2017.
  13. ^ a b "Djibouti - Languages". Ethnologue. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
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