Hanumatodi
| Arohanam | S R₁ G₂ M₁ P D₁ N₂ Ṡ |
|---|---|
| Avarohanam | Ṡ N₂ D₁ P M₁ G₂ R₁ S |
| Equivalent | Phrygian mode |
| Carnatic music |
|---|
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| Concepts |
| Compositions |
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Hanumatodi, more popularly known as Todi (pronounced hanumatōdi and tōdi), is a rāgam (musical scale) in Carnatic music. It is the 8th melakarta rāgam (parent scale) in the 72 melakarta rāgam system. This is sung very often in concerts. It is a difficult rāgam to perform in owing to its complexity in prayoga (phrases of notes and intonation). It is called Janatodi in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.[1] Its Western equivalent is the Phrygian mode. Todi in Carnatic music is different from Todi (thaat) of Hindustani music (North Indian classical music). The equivalent of the Hindustani raga Todi in Carnatic music is Shubhapantuvarali (which is the 45th melakarta).[2][3] The equivalent of Carnatic Todi in Hindustani is Bhairavi thaat in terms of notes, but the two sound very different due to differing uses of gamakas.[2]
Structure and Lakshana
[edit]
It is the 2nd rāgam in the 2nd chakra Netra. The mnemonic name is Netra-Sri. The mnemonic phrase is sa ra gi ma pa dha ni.[2] Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music page for details on below notation and terms):
This scale uses the notes shuddha rishabham, sadharana gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatham and kaisiki nishadham.[what language is this?] It is a sampoorna rāgam - rāgam having all 7 swarams. It is the shuddha madhyamam equivalent of Bhavapriya, which is the 44th melakarta scale. A peculiarity of this raga is that it is sung in all lower notes. It is also classified as a "rakti" raga (a raga of high melodic content).
Janya rāgams
[edit]Hanumatodi has many janya rāgams (derived scales) associated with it, of which Asaveri, Janatodi, Dhanyasi, Punnagavarali and Shuddha Seemanthini are popular. See List of janya rāgams for all of Todi's janyas.
Popular compositions
[edit]Most composers have composed songs in Todi.[3] Thyagaraja alone has composed about 32 compositions in this raga with each composition starting at every single note of the three octaves. Thāye Yashoda, composed by Oottukkadu Venkata Kavi, is a very well known composition, in the Tamil language. This popular kriti is sung frequently in concerts. A popular varnam in the Todi rāgam is Erā Nāpai by Patnam Subramania Iyer, one of the famous composers of Carnatic music.
Other popular compositions are:
- Era Na Pai an Aadi thala varnam by Patnam Subramania Iyer
- Daani Samajendra and Saridisavasa (Varnams) by Swathi Thirunal
- Kadhanu vāriki, Dācu kovalena, Thappi Brathiki, Brindavana Lola, Emani Mataditivo, Enduku Dayaradhu, Koti Nadulu, Munnu Ravana, Varidhi Neeku, Proddupoyenu, Emi Jesithe, Dasarathi Nee Runamu, Ninnu Vina Sukhamu, Nee Daya Raavale, Aragimpave, Raju Vedale, Endu daginado, Chesinadella, Koluvamaregada, Nee Vanti Daivamu Sadanana, Vedalenu Kodandapani and Gati Neevani by Thyagaraja
- Sarasijanābha Murāre, Japatha Japatha, Deva Deva Mām Pālaya, Mandara Dhara, Pankajāksha Tava Sevam, Samodam Kalayami by Swathi Thirunal
- Shri Krishnam Bhaja Mānasa, Dākshāyani, Rāmāchandrāya Namaste, Pālayamām Brihadeeshwari, Shri Subramanyomām Rakshathu and Kamalāmbike by Muthuswami Dikshitar
- Kangalidyātako by Sripadaraja
- Thāye Yashodā, Jatādhara, Anjanānandām Bōdhi Chandra and Venugāna Ramanā by Oothukkadu Venkata Kavi
- Enu Dhanyalo Lakumi, Banda Nodi Govinda, Ninna Nodi Dhanyanadeno by Purandara Dasa
- Sharadeye Karuna Varidhi by Vijaya Dasa
- Gajananam Ganapathim by Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar
- Kārthikeya Gangeya, Sadashiva Bhajaname, Thanigai Valar, Kunram Kudi Konda and Thamatham Yen swami by Papanasam Sivan
- Paradevathe Nin Pada Bhajanam by Irayimman Thampi
- Alaya Vidudal by Ambujam Krishna
- Varnam Meenākshi Needu by Gnanananda Teertha (Ogirala Veera Raghava Sarma)
- Varnam Danike Tagu Janara by Shivanandam of the Tanjore Quartet
- Varnam Roopamu Joochi by Thiruvarur Ramaswami Pillai
- Varnam Kanakāngi in Ata tala by Pallavi Gopal Iyer
- Kāmākshi Sada by Gnanananda Teertha (Ogirala Veera Raghava Sarma)
- Anjaneyam Ppasmahe by Bellary M. Sheshagiri Acharya
- Ninne Namminanu and Karunanidhi Ilalo, two Krithis and Rave Himagiri Kumari, a Swarajati by Shyama Shastri
- Notru Suvargam, a Thiruppavai by Andal tuned by Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar
- Sudha Nidhe Mamava Sadha and Mama Nini(Swaraksharam composition) by Balamurali Krishna
- Yaar Poi Solluvaar and Ella Arumaigalum are Padams by Ghanam Krishna Iyer. He has also composed Krithis like Anname Naalum Nirnayame, Anname Naan Enna Seiven, Maname ennaalum, Mannanaar Valai, Nee Illaamal Vereyundo, Pacchilande Marappadunda, Thirukkanmaaleeshvarar, Vaaraaro Vandhu and Chaitanya Vigrahame
Film Songs
[edit]Language:Kannada
| Song | Movie | Year | Composer | Singer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Naadamaya Ee Lokavella | Jeevana Chaitra | 1992 | Upendra Kumar | Dr. Rajkumar |
| Song | Movie | Year | Composer | Singer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ellam Sivan Seyal | Sivakavi | 1943 | Papanasam Sivan | M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar |
| Kattradhu Kai Mannalavu | Avvaiyar | 1953 | M. D. Parthasarathy,
Anandaraman and Mayavaram Venu |
K. B. Sundarambal |
| Ennai Pol Pennallavo | Vanangamudi | 1957 | G. Ramanathan | P. Suseela |
| Aanandam Inru Aarambam(Ragamalika) | Kalyanikku Kalyanam | 1959 | M. L. Vasanthakumari,P. Leela | |
| Konji Konji Pesi | Kaithi Kannayiram | 1960 | K.V. Mahadevan | P. Susheela |
| Pesuvadhu Killiyaa | Panathottam | 1963 | Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy | T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela |
| Aadaludan Paadalai | Kudiyirundha Koyil | 1968 | ||
| Enge Nimmadhi | Puthiya Paravai | 1964 | T. M. Soundararajan | |
| Oru Naal Irunthen Thaniyaaga | Ethirigal Jakkirathai | 1967 | Vedha | T.M.Soundararajan, P. Susheela, B.Vasantha |
| Thodiyil Paduginren | Thodiragam (film) | Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan | T. N. Seshagopalan | |
| Gangai Karai Mannanadi | Varusham 16 | 1989 | Ilaiyaraaja | K. J. Yesudas |
| En Jodi Manja Kuruvi | Vikram | 1986 | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. P. Sailaja, K. S. Chithra, Gangai Amaran | |
| Nethu Kodutha | Kathal Saathi | Karthik | ||
| Athiradee | Sivaji: The Boss | 2007 | A.R. Rahman | A R Rahman, Sayonara |
| Usure Pogudhey | Raavanan | 2010 | Karthik, Mohammad Irfan Ali | |
| Ammadi Idhu Thaan Kadhala | Idhu Namma Aalu | 1988 | K. Bhagyaraj | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra |
| Thodi Raagam Paadava | Maanagara Kaaval | 1991 | Chandrabose | K. J. Yesudas, K. S. Chithra |
| Mankatha Theme | Mankatha | 2011 | Yuvan Shankar Raja | |
| Varaha Roopam Daiva Varishtam | Kantara | 2022 | B.Ajaneesh Lokhnath | |
| Thamarai poovil amarnthavale | Devotional song | P. Susheela |
Related rāgams
[edit]Todi's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields 5 other major melakarta rāgams, namely, Kalyani, Shankarabharanam, Natabhairavi, Kharaharapriya and Harikambhoji. For further details and an illustration of graha bhedam of this rāgam refer related rāgams section in Shankarabharanam page.
